Communication discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Communication discussion - Assignment Example From that point you can be able to customize the way you address him/her. With time get the knowledge and experience on how different people like to be handled so as to create an environment where they feel welcome and hence they can be able to open up. According to Hood, (2013), the biggest barrier to communication is lack of humility. While addressing people of different ages, have empathy and show them that you know exactly how it is to be in their position. The people who are advanced in age are the most tough to deal with as they require a high sense of respect (Sullivan, 2013). Give it to them. Dealing with people of different gender can also be confusing. For instance, a certain patient may not be ready to open up to a nurse of the opposite gender and this may require introducing him/her to another nurse if they are totally uncooperative. Having the knowledge on how to address people is important as seen in the essay. This can determine the difference between a competent nurse and the rest (Bednarz, Stephanie, & Doorenbos, 2010). It is therefore important to observe the points

Friedrich Nietzsche Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Friedrich Nietzsche - Essay Example â€Å"Beyond Good and Evil† (1886) is a landmark work by Friedrich Nietzsche, which precedes the final, most intense period of his work, marked by summing up the philosophical outcome of the previous human history and the foresight of the major social and spiritual conflicts of the twentieth century. This landmark work allows to continue the development of the idea of superman using new form of sharpened analytical aphorisms, in which the author focuses sharp critique of modernity - its philosophy, science, art, politics and, the most importantly, morality. Analyzing the work â€Å"Beyond Good and Evil† it is necessary to mention that it looks like prophetic work, where the subtitle â€Å"Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future† is no accident, because in his book a German thinker has predicted the coming collapse of European spirituality, and ‘mass uprising’ that followed by the reign of ‘the coming of boor’. He also has predicted levelin g of identity under the banner of universal human equality, and epic struggle for world domination, and totalitarianism as a consequence democratization of Europe. Thus, we see that Nietzsche believes that only a radical reassessment of all European ideals and European morality in general can avoid catastrophic processes of the future. Interpreting main ideas and theories presented in Nietzsche’s prominent work â€Å"Beyond Good and Evil† it is necessary to mention that in the understanding of the history of mankind, developed by Nietzsche, in Western culture unfortunate distinction between ‘good’ and ‘evil’ dominates, distinction, which was especially facilitated by a celebration of Christianity. It is necessary to emphasize that the masses, incited by a burning hatred of aristocratic manners which they could not emulate, often with the support of religious leaders, gave themselves vengeful rejection of aristocracy. In the view of Nietzsche, ‘good’ in the distinction between the good-evil emphasis on equality, self-sacrifice, gentleness, humility, compassion, pity, and other qualities of weakness. Such ‘good’ punishes the noble, aristocratic qualities - assertiveness, daring creative originality, passion, thirst for victory, moreover, it (the ‘good’) calls the above mentioned characteristics as evil. The predominance of such representations of evil, as Nietzsche claimed, is responsible for weakness and mediocrity of those who occupy a dominant position. They destroyed those qualities without which life can not be anything remarkable. According to Nietzsche, the decline of modern society suggests that for satisfying the needs of the superiority still too little is done. However, human existence does not necessarily end at this bleak note. Sometimes, considering himself a voice crying in the wilderness, Nietzsche, however, thought that human life is capable of self- expiation going b eyond good and evil. In this case it is possible to say that spirit of generosity - adoption of life, struggle and victory, a passionate desire to excel - these qualities have to be exalted. However, the purpose of Nietzsche is not doubling of the past, but a return of these essential qualities to modern life. Addressing to main Nietzsche’s arguments it seems that there is every reason to see in Nietzsche himself (using his own phrases) a trend to a personal ‘internalization of freedom’

Singapore Airlines: Business, Marketing and Operations

Singapore Airlines: Business, Marketing and Operations This paper study is based on Singapore Airlines (SIA), in this case study the project has discuss about the SIAs Business, Marketing and operational strategy, what are the changes is the SIAs facing in future, how this airline company has changed its strategy and how this airline from a small country-state with a population of about three million people, on an island no larger than the Isle of Man, earn a reputation for being the most constant money-making airline in the world, in spite of the various world-wide recessions. The paper study also discuss about, how the Singapore Airline retained employees and the customers. QUESTION 1: Evaluate SIAs Business, Marketing and Operational Strategies and assess their effectiveness in relation to the competition? Over the last decade Singapore Airline has grown from a local airline into one of the worlds leading passenger and cargo carriers. In an attempt to survive, many of the organization which is working in the same business tried to observe and investigate the approaches or strategy which are using by Singapore Airlines (SIA, 2007). Finally it became clear and understandable that SIA are more competitive because of its business and operations strategy. The long term growth of a business design to provide and maintain shareholder value is called the business strategy. So, this part of the paper contains the business, market and operation strategy of Singapore Airlines. As we all know the SIAs has developed a status for being an industry innovator as well as doing things in a different way than its competitors who are in the same industry line, for example, As the study says SIA was the first airline to introduce free drinks, a choice of meals and free headsets back in the 1970s. Not only this, the Singapore airlines are the first who start a two year programme to install Kris World, that is a new in-flight entertainment scheme, for passengers in all three classes of its Megatop B747s. KrisWorld provides around 22 channels of video entertainment, around twelve digital audio channels, around ten Nintendo video games (Nintendo was best known for console industry and famous for home video game), and always alert the destination information and provides a telephone at each seat. By using this innovative ideas and creativity techniques the SIAs has done wonder in this airline business and earn a reputation for being the most consistent money-making airli ne in the world. Not only this, SIAs has done many changes in the history of airline and they provide numerous innovative ideas and doing things differently than its competitors. SIAs is the one who spend lot of millions in order to install KrisWorld movies; by doing this they had given an amazing entertainment to their customers while traveling and this lead to make them a different from their competitors and by adding this KrisWorld they are the first one to do so and this types of strategy help them a lot in becoming a number one in these business. SIA is the first in the market for discoverer and performer of the mostly innovative live teletext news service (KrisNews) and also for an interactive in-flight shopping service for its aircrafts. These creative and innovative developments by SIA, eventually won numerous awards for the best air lines. SIA was the first airline which bought a collection of finest chefs from all over the world to serve best in-flight cooking for its passengers as well as it was the first airline which tried to accomplish the wants of individual passengers by launch the special meal service with lighter and better options plus the unique in-flight meal service which is specially introduced for young flyers and enabled them to choose their desired meals up to 24 hours before the flight departure. Besides that, SIA started to update its menus monthly and even weekly to create an impression among its frequent travelers and also to keep track of flyers tastes. These were the main line of attack for SIA to compete among its competitors in the market and also to shore up its business strategy1. The main success of SIAs is Singapores Changi airport, Changi is situated in eastern end of the Singapore. Changi airport is one of the world busiest airport QUESTION 2: Using change management models evaluate how the company has changed; in strategic terms. QUESTION 3: What challenges is SIA facing in the future. What should SIAs business and operations strategies be for the future and why? Provide justification for your recommendations. As we know that SIAs is the one of the leading airport in the world but due to the large number of competitors in the world. SIAs have to maintain their top ranking in the future by maintaining their operations and business strategy and by developing more innovative ideas. The challenges which a SIA facing in future is mainly due to their competitors, as we all know in airline business the profit is very less and its mainly because of growing airline industry, passengers have many choices to select the low fare flight, so they must provide the better facility in a lower price that may affect their capital turnover. Recession is also the one of the factor for affecting then in future. Like in recession, there is a reduction in number of fliers. In future there is my advance airplanes/crew because of the competition and so the availability of the best crew is very important. There are more challenges that airline industry is facing like escalating costs and stiff competitions. As this part of the paper contains that which type of business as well as operations strategies should SIAs makes for their future and which makes them different from there competitors. Before going to this we must know about the operations strategy, operations strategy is the total guide of decision made the management which leads to the long-term growth for any type of operations, it is the long term process. Basically operations strategy is the method or tools that help us producing goods and services to the consumers. Operations basically deal with the producing or delivering of goods. This paper study discuss the competitive strategies of Porter, In 1980s Porter has argued that there is two types of competitive advantages which can be shared with either a broad or narrow competitive scope to create four well known business strategies: 2 Cost leadership, Differentiation, Focused low-cost, and Focused differentiation The Porters four competitive strategies are shown in table below:- Competitive Advantage Lower Cost Differentiation Cost leadership Differentiation à ¯Ã†â€™Ã… ¸ broad target Low cost focused Focused differentiation à ¯Ã†â€™Ã… ¸ narrow target Cost leadership technique or strategy is normally used by the companies for generally generating the profit even though the low price of the product or the services offered. In this strategy company mainly focused on the decreasing of price and retaining their old customer and generating the new one, so by applying this rule to the airline business SIAs have to take some initiative for lowing there prices in spite of that providing the full facility to their passengers. By doing this the SIA is always be a head from its competitor in present as well in future because doing this the high, medium and even low class passenger get attractive towards it and SIAs will make even more profit than earlier. Differentiation strategy, in this strategy a companys offers a service that consumers perceived it as a different and ready to pay a high amount or cost for that. So, SAI have to innovate some new facilities like new entertainment programs while travelling and some advance technology features with some extra cost, and it must be different as well as a new thing for passengers so that they are ready to pay a high amount for it. Or do offering the old facilities but offered it in that manner that passengers are ready to pay a high amount. This type of innovation or creativity make them different from there competitor and good for future also. Focus Differentiation strategy focus on a narrow sector and within that sector, they are attempting to achieve either a price advantage or differentiation. The principle is that the sector which is focusing must be better served by entirely focusing on it. So, SIAs must use this strategy for be a top in their business by focusing in a small small sector and offered better services to the passengers and then they will definitely be a head in the airline business. Reflection on Career Goals: Becoming an Ophthalmologist Reflection on Career Goals: Becoming an Ophthalmologist 1. Please provide evidence of activities and achievements which demonstrate your commitment to a career in this specialty and/or which have led to the development of skills relevant to a career in this specialty.(250 words) My inspiration for becoming an ophthalmologist stemmed from working in DARUL-HIKMAT DARUL-SHIFA, a charity eye hospital in Pakistan, which I have attended biannually since first year in medical school. There I observed how a small procedure brings a remarkable improvement in the quality of a patients life. Out of my own interest, I undertook 2 ophthalmology electives. I was privileged to observe practice on an incredible elective at MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL. It was a great experience and further motivated me to become ophthalmologist. I achieved Distinction in Ophthalmology during my MBBS. As a Foundation year doctor, I regularly attended eye clinics and theatres in my free time. I did a week of a TASTER SESSION and managed to arrange a SPECIAL MODULE in ophthalmology during my GP rotation. I have made several international presentations and have published in peer reviewed journals. I have excellent hand to eye coordination and dexterity. I am competent in Objective Subjective Refraction. The combination of medicine and surgery, along with the variety of cerebral and fine motor skills necessary has drawn me to the specialty. It is the only specialty that has satisfied me to practice medicine at the highest level. Sight is the most valued of senses for many people, and to be in a position to improve and restore sight, as well as prevent eye disease, gives me great pleasure. I am a dedicated, hardworking, and energetic person. In addition, I have passed RCO exams and my experience in ENT, neurosurgery, diabetics and oncology make me a great candidate. 2. Please provide details of outstanding achievements outside the field of medicine. (250 words) I have regularly arranged clinical courses for the junior doctors and GP since 2008. The courses consist of â€Å"ECG interpretation day† â€Å"Pain Management Course† â€Å"Eye ENT day†. This involves a great deal of organizational and managerial skills. This has also given me experience of developing a successful business plans and dealing with the finances, which will be very beneficial for me, in the future, to set up new services in the NHS. Following additional demand, I have setup a company with a name of AR MEDICS to organise courses more widely. We won the first prize of  £5000 in South Asian Federation (SAF) Quiz competition, 2004. As Sports Coordinator at Medical College, I reformed the Sports Society and wrote its new rules and regulations. For the first time in its 25 year history, I arranged sports fixtures with other universities and introduced new sports. This improved college sports reputation remarkably. I was the captain of the basketball team and was awarded â€Å"Colours†. I learned to cope under pressure and improved my leadership decision-making skills. I enjoy hiking mountaineering. I have hiked up to the base camp of Nanga Parbat- the worlds 7th highest peak- and won first prize. 3. Clinical Audit: What experience of clinical audit do you have? Please state clearly where and when this was undertaken and indicate specifically your role. (250 words) â€Å"Evaluation of Glaucoma Management Services† M Amjad, R Job, S Walker. 01/02/2009 at Leighton Hospital. I initiated the study and formulated the pro-forma and collected data, which was presented in the Divisional Audit Meeting. I made recommendations to improve the system. I then re-audited to complete the cycle of the audit.. My material was later presented as poster at the Royal College of GP Annual Congress Nov 2009. A pilot Glaucoma care pathway was initiated from my recommendations., and Glaucoma Medisoft was installed to document and print clinic letters instantly. Improved documentation was made available for the GP ‘Management of Eyelid CA M. Amjad, S Raja. 01/09/2008 at Blackpool Victoria Hospital. Once again, I initiated the literature research, formulated a pro-forma, collected data, and analysed it. I presented this in the departmental audit meeting. â€Å"An Audit of Ophthalmology Emergencies presenting in AE† M Amjad, W Khan. 30/03/2007 at Blackpool Victoria Hospital. I researched the literature, formulated a pro-forma, collected, and analysed data. My conclusions were presented in the Divisional Audit meeting. â€Å"Management of Corneal Abrasion in AE† M Amjad, W Khan. 01/04/2007 at Blackpool Victoria Hospital. Again, I researched literature, formulated the pro-forma, collected, and analysed data, all for a presentation in the Divisional Audit meeting. Guidelines from Kings College Hospital have now been taken up inn the AE department. Management of Gastro-oesophageal CA six years audit† M Amjad, MU Javed. 01/03/2007 at Blackpool Victoria Hospital. I researched literature, formulated a pro-forma, collected, and analysed data. A presentation was made at the North West Regional Meeting for Upper-GI Carcinoma. â€Å"Major Limb Amputation, Environmental Study† M. Amjad, MU Javed, G Riding. 01/06/2007 at Blackpool Victoria Hospital. I designed pro-forma, reviewed literature, collected and analysed data for a presentation in the Divisional Audit Meeting. 2. Managing Teams: Please provide evidence of leadership skills, managing and/or working in teams. You may give examples from both inside and outside medicine. (250 words) I was elected as a Sports Coordinator at Medical College in my final year, which was a great honour and position of responsibility. In order to make this successful, I needed a good team and representatives from each year, whom I appointed. Working through the team and using my leadership skills, I was able to make significant changes. I reformed the Sports Society and devised its rules and regulations. For the first time since its foundation, I arranged fixtures with other universities and introduced new sports. I took on board ideas from team members and organized sponsors and a concert to generate funds. Our efforts improved the colleges sports reputation. This was because of the good management, delegation of responsibilities to team members and proper use of the recourses generated. I also captained the basketball team and was awarded â€Å"Colours.† This experience not only improved my team working and leadership skills, but also improved my ability to perform under pressure and make clear decisions. 5.Teaching Experience: What experience do you have of delivering teaching? (250 words) I have attended the â€Å"How to Teach Course†, in order to learn new teaching skills and develope a methodology. I have been regularly organizing and coordinating a full day study course for junior trainee doctors and GPs on â€Å"ECG interpretation† â€Å"Pain Management† ‘Eye and ENT day since 2008. The feedbacks has been excellent and the courses are very popular. I regularly delivered formal lectures to foundation and AE doctors on the use of slit lamp and management of acute eye problems. The feedback has always been good and higher than that given to my peers. I organized formal teaching and mock OSCE for final year Manchester medical students. In addition, I regularly present and attend the weekly regional teaching to keep up-to-date with advances within the specialty. My written feedbacks from the sessions have been very encouraging. I enjoy teaching and endeavour to continue it. 6. Research: Please provide evidence of research whether past or in progress. If you have undertaken or are undertaking a research project, please give details and indicate your involvement. (250 words) I worked as a junior Research Fellow Gastroenterology under Prof M Umer in Holy Family Hospital. I was involved in two projects, both presented as poster and also published â€Å" CHRONIC HEPATITIS-C RESPONSE TO ANTI-VIRAL COMBINATION THERAPY† A prospective study of 200 patients. The objective was to study the response of chronic hepatitis-C patients to combination antiviral therapy. I reviewed the literature, collected and analyzed data using SPSS. The results showed that combination therapy with interferon and ribavirin for CAH-C helps to treat the disease as well as to improve the symptoms of the patients. â€Å"SYMPTOMATOLOGY OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS-C† A case control study involving 1000 patients. The purpose was to study the common symptoms in patients with Chronic Hepatitis-C. I formulated the pro-forma, collected data and analyzed using SPSS. This was my first experience in research. Moreover, it was presented internationally. It gave me a lot of confidence and motivation. I learned the skills needed to search the literature, design a research project and to statistically analyze the results. It also improved my communication and presentation skills. Recently I was involved in two small studies and presented them as poster in RCO annual congresses. They are â€Å" The Impact of GDX in the management of new glaucoma referrals† and â€Å"Post-operative ocular complications after acoustic neuroma surgery† 7. Additional Achievements: Please note any prizes, awards and other distinctions (include specialty and qualifying distinction) which you may have. Please indicate undergraduate or postgraduate award, the awarding body and date awarded. (250 words) Grade A+ in MBBS Examinations, Rawalpindi Medical College, Jun 2005 Distinction in Ophthalmology (MBBS Exams), Rawalpindi Medical College, Apr 2004 Distinction in Forensic Medicines Toxicology (MBBS Exams), Rawalpindi Medical College, Jan 2001 Awarded Gold Medals for best in academics, Education Board, Jan 2000 Won Merit Scholarship for 5 years, Education Board, Jan 1999 8. Presentations: In this section please provide details of your most relevant presentations at local level (state whether departmental, hospital or trust). Please give a statement about your personal contribution to the work. (250 words) I have initiated these projects and presented the using PowerPoint at different meetings. Morbidity and mortality meeting. Presented in divisional meeting. 2009 â€Å"Negative dysphotopsia: Long-term study and possible explanation for transient symptoms.† Oral presentation in Journal Club, Leighton Hospital 2008. â€Å"Management of Eyelid CA† M. Amjad, S Raja Presented in departmental audit meeting in Sept 2008 â€Å"Major Limb Amputation, Environmental Study† M. Amjad, MU Javed, G Riding Presented in departmental audit meeting in Jun 2007 â€Å"An Audit of Ophthalmology Emergencies presenting in AE† M Amjad, W Khan Presented in departmental audit meeting in Apr 2007 â€Å"Management of Corneal Abrasion in [emailprotected] Amjad, W Khan Presented in trust annual review meeting in Mar 2007 â€Å"Management of Gastro-oesophageal CA six years audit† M Amjad, MU Javed Feb 2007 9. Presentations: In this section please provide details of your most relevant presentations at regional and/or national level. Please give a statement about your personal contribution to the work. (250 words) I have initiated, written and presented the following work. â€Å"Patient with previously undiagnosed Autoimmune Hypophysistis (AH) presenting with bilateral recurrent cystoid macular oedema secondary to Intermediate uveitis.† M. Amjad, A Sachdev, V Kotamarhi Submitted for Poster presentation at Royal College Ophthlmology Annual Congress, 2010. â€Å"Post operative complications affecting eyes after acoustic neuroma surgery.† A. Garrick, M. Amjad, I Marsh, C Noonan. Submitted for Poster presentation at Royal College Ophthalmology Annual Congress, 2010. â€Å"Restructuring and Innovating the Glaucoma Services. Role of Primary and Tertiary Care.† M. Amjad, R Job, A Asghar, S Walker. Poster presentation at Royal College of GP Annual National Conference, Glasgow, 2009. â€Å"The impact of GDX in the management of new glaucoma referral.† M. Amjad, R Job, S Walker Poster presentation at North of England Ophthalmology Society, Allensford UK, June 2009. â€Å"Patients perspective of new Intra-vitreal Anti-VEGF treatment† V. Kotamarthi, M. Amjad Poster presentation at Royal College Ophthalmology Annual Congress, Birmingham 2009. â€Å"Chiari malformation with the symptom of photopsiae as the only ocular symptom and no ocular signs.† M. Amjad, V. Kotamarthi Poster presentation at The 10th Congress of International Ocular Inflammation Society, Prague. May 2009 â€Å"Value of Ultrasound in detecting pathology in vitreous haemorrhage.† T. El-kashab, M. Amjad Oral presentation The 10th Congress of International Ocular Inflammation Society, Prague. May 2009 â€Å"A Case of Idiopathic Sclerochoroidal Calcification associated with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma.† M. Amjad, T. El-kashab, R Job, A Needham Poster presentation at The 10th Congress of International Ocular Inflammation Society, Prague. May 2009 Communication and interpersonal skills: Please give a recent example that demonstrates that you possess these skills. (150 words max) A 59 year old gentleman was referred over the weekend with a six month history of left temporal ache. All the examinations and bloods were normal, except for a disc swelling on his left side. I informed my consultant and devised a plan. Then, I liaised with the ENT and on call radiologist to review the patient. I kept the patient and his partner informed about all the progress throughout this time. After arranging an urgent scan, which showed a mass compressing his orbit, I arranged for the admission and booked theatre for removal of the mass compressing orbit. As the focal point of communication between concerned groups, I enabled us to work as a large team, efficiently and effectively, to save the patients eye from future complications. My ability to communicate and delegate facilitated the effective success of a multi-disciplinary team approach to patient care. Initiative: Please give a recent example that demonstrates initiative. (150 words max) In October 2008, I attended a busy eye camp in Pakistan. During my stay, I was astonished to find that operations are cancelled on-table by the surgeons due to high IOP. Only high risk patients were having their IOP checked due to high patient turnover. This resulted in a huge waste of resources. After discussion with the management, I took the initiative to provide a solution to this problem. After research and discussions with senior doctors visiting the camp, I proposed to use a puff tonometer to check IOP of all patients undergoing surgery. This method doesnt require extraordinary skill to use, hence it is effective in a busy camp. This proposal was accepted by the supervisors. It had been a great success with surgical cancellations dropping by more than 95%. I received a letter of thanks. Making such a difference in patient care makes me proud. PAPER 2 Describe how you realised that you wanted to become an Ophthalmologist? [Edit] My inspiration for becoming an ophthalmologist stemmed from working in DARUL-HIKMAT DARUL-SHIFA, a charity eye hospital in Pakistan, which I have attended biannually since my first year in medical school. There I observed how a small procedure brings a remarkable improvement in the quality of a patients life. Out of interest, I undertook 2 ophthalmology electives and I was privileged in observing practice on an incredible elective at MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL. It was a great experience and further motivated me to become ophthalmologist. Achieving a Distinction in Ophthalmology during my MBBS, I joined Rawalians Research Forum during my final year in medical school, where I published two research papers. Since then I have been actively involved in audits and clinical studies. I have presented 14 papers in international and national conferences. In addition, I have several published articles in many journals. Most notably during the Haematology, I was involved in ‘randomized control trials. As a Foundation year doctor, I regularly attended eye clinics and theatres in my free time. I did a week of a TASTER SESSION and managed to arrange a SPECIAL MODULE in ophthalmology during GP rotation. I have excellent hand to eye coordination and dexterity. I am competent in Objective Subjective Refraction. In my recent job I have done 53 Phacoemulsifications,6 Squint Surgeries, 23 IV injections, and 64 argon YAG laser procedures. The combination of medicine and surgery, the variety of cerebral and fine motor skills necessary has drawn me to the specialty. It is the only specialty that has satisfied me at the highest level. Sight for many is the most valued of senses and to be in a position to improve and restore eyesight, and prevent eye disease gives me great pleasure. I am dedicated, hardworking, and energetic person. In addition, I have passed RCO exams and my experience in ENT, neurosurgery, diabetics and oncology will make me a great candidate. What do you think are the main issues in solving global blindness by 2020? [Edit] Approximately 314 million people worldwide live with low vision and blindness. 90% of these blind people live in low-income countries. 80% of blindness is avoidable. Without effective, major intervention, the number of blind people worldwide has been projected to increase to 76 million by 2020. The major causes of blindness in the world are cataract (50%), refractive errors (15-30%), Trachoma, Onchocerciasis, Glaucoma, Diabetic Retinopathy, Age Related macular degeneration. According to WHO, restorations of sight and blindness prevention strategies are among the most cost-effective and gratifying interventions in health care. In 1999, WHO launched VISION 2020 The Right to Sight. It is a joint programme of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness (IAPB) with an international membership of NGOs, professional associations, eye care institutions and corporations. It aims for control of avoidable blindness by 2020; to achieve the aim the following issues need to be addressed. HR development: adequate and purposeful training of all eye care personnel is a key factor. Apart from ophthalmologists, the ophthalmic nurse, ophthalmic medical assistants and especially refractionsists should be recruited and trained appropriately. Infrastructure Equipments development: facilities should be equipped according to the tasks. Local entrerpreaunership should be encouraged to participate to reduce cost and enhance sustainability. Awareness Education of local community: community participation is vital and this can be achieved by creating awareness in the public about the diseases and the facilities available to treat and prevent them. Funding: regular and new funding sources should be explored. Outside medicine, what personal attributes make you a good candidate for a career in Ophthalmology? [Edit] I possess combination of qualities through which I have not only achieved over and above the required competencies mentioned in the RCOphth curriculum for ST1 and F2 but also a good working relationship with the colleagues to prove as a good and successful ophthalmologist. I maintain good rapport with patients. During my foundation training, I had experience of caring for terminally ill patients, breaking bad news and discussing the patients care and resuscitation status with their family, which I was able to do in an empathetic and sensitive manner. I am actively involved in audits, and publications to maintain good medical practice alongside the tough demands of clinical work. This requires refinement of my time management and organizational skills. I believe in sharing the skills and experiences, which I do by not only involving myself in teaching but also in charity and voluntary work. I possess qualities of a good team leader and an effective team player, which I have gained thr ough my clinical and non-clinical experiences. I prioritize work and this helps me in coping when working under pressure. I am making most of the opportunities to gain experience and refine my personal skills and will do my best to become a good ophthalmologist. Injuries in Sports and Exercise | Case Studies Injuries in Sports and Exercise | Case Studies PDG. Understanding Injury in Sport and Exercise Settings Self-Selected Case Studies Introduction In this case study we shall consider three athletes who are superficially similar and have presented with injuries as a result of their sport. The athletes will be referred to as Mr.A, Mr. B and Mr. C. Each is in their twenties and are club standard runners. Mr.A fell during a training run and sustained an inversion injury to his left ankle. Mr. B presented with a pre-patella bursitis of his right knee and Mr. C could not compete because of severe metatarsalgia. Mechanism and pathophysiology of injury If we consider the aetiology and mechanisms of each injury we can see that although they are largely sports related and, to a degree sports specific, each is fundamentally different in terms of presentation, cause, treatment and outcome. Let us consider Mr. A. who fell during training. He was a modest club runner who ran sporadically for personal enjoyment. He sustained an acute inversion injury which resulted in a partial tear of the lateral malleolar ligament. This ligament effectively joins the Tibia to the talus and calcareous and is largely responsible for the lateral stability of the joint. (Clemente C D 1975). There was immediate pain and subcutaneous swelling and, although he could weight bear immediately after the injury, Mr.A could only walk with great pain. Lateral distortion of the joint was extremely painful. The fundamental aetiology of the injury was a sudden inversion stress to the ankle which was greater than the ligament could withstand and this resulted in rupture of some of the collagen fibres of the lateral ligament together with the underlying joint capsule. This allowed substantial bleeding to track into the surrounding tissues which, together with both extravasation of synovial fluid and accum ulation of tissue oedema, led to the clinically apparent swelling over the lateral malleolus. Mr. B, by contrast, was a fiercely competitive sub-elite runner who noticed his injury developing more slowly over a period of about ten days. He was preparing for a race and had increased his running schedule both in intensity and distance covered. Initially he was aware of a discomfort in the anterior aspect of his knee which felt superficial. This was apparent at the end of his training sessions and persisted for a few hours while travelling home. As the training sessions intensified, the pain grew more persistent until it occurred throughout his running session. Although it was a nuisance, it was not severe. By the end of ten days it had become very severe to the point that there was demonstrable swelling over the lower pole of the patella which was tender to the touch and constantly painful. The mechanism of this injury is typical of the overuse injury seen with overtraining. It is believed to arise initially from micro tears within the body of the patella ligament which become inflamed and the constant stresses involved with training do not let the injury heal sufficiently and the inflammation becomes accumulative to the point that histology would show inflammatory changes occurring throughout the ligament and this, in turn, causes friction on the surrounding structures. (Hewett T E et al. 1999) This is manifest as a constant progressively painful swelling localised in the region of the patella ligament and is aggravated by movement of the knee joint. It is tender to the touch and limits exercise. Mr. C was a club runner of modest ability, but with an over optimistic appreciation of his own ability, who trained with the elite runners at the club. He frequently complained of minor injuries that were blamed for his particular lack of performance in races. On this occasion he presented with pains in his forefoot over the metatarsal heads which was very specific and occurred when the toes were flexed but not when they were extended (an unphysiological finding). He could run, but complained bitterly of forefoot pain after the race and could be seen hobbling off the track and around the changing rooms after the race. Examination of his foot was completely unremarkable and no consistent physical abnormality could be found. It was noticeable that Mr. C vociferously blamed this problem for his inability to perform well. No physical diagnosis was made but the aetiology of his complaint was thought to be a psychosomatic manifestation of his anxiety relating to his inability to beat the b etter runners at the club. This equated to a mechanism of cognitive distortion and denial together with a compensatory conversion symptom complex to rationalise his poor performance. (Patel D R et al. 2000) In short we see three competitive runners with common presentations of injury, but three very different mechanisms of pathophysiology and aetiology. Each will require a different approach to treatment and will follow a very different illness trajectory. Psychology of sports injury There are a number of different theoretical concepts (with differing degrees of security of evidence base) that can be usefully employed in describing sporting motivation and are therefore relevant to the incidence of sporting injury. (Wigfield A et al. 2000) The literature on these subjects is very extensive and beyond the scope of this essay to consider in any degree of detail. Reversal theory (Apter M J 2001) is commonly utilised in this regard and can describe relationships between the personality characteristics and motivational stimuli. Paratelic dominant athletes commonly enter the paratelic motivational state and are typically arousal seekers and engage in high risk and highly competitive sports (viz Mr. B )(Cogan N A et al. 1998) Mr.A, by contrast is the typical telic dominant athlete who tend to be arousal avoiders, who plan and consider their training carefully and prefer low intensity experiences. (Kerr J H et al. 1999) Let us start this consideration of the psychology of sports injury with an assessment of Mr. C who presents with a primarily psychological complaint Mr. C has an overtly psychosomatic presentation. This can be conveniently described in terms of reversal theory (Apter M J 2001). and the paratelic concept (Murgatroyd S et al. 1978). There are aspects of the metamotivational states described in the theory which are relevant to Mr. C’s perception of his motives for continued participation in running even when he was clearly failing to achieve his set targets. If appears that Mr. C has developed a variation of a paratelic protective framework with somatic constructs. He needs the high arousal gratification of the paratelic dominant athlete by lining up on the starting line with the elite athletes, but has developed his idiosyncratic phenomenological frame as a coping mechanism which allows him a sensation of safety from his perception of failure with a series of somatic excuses for his failure to perform. (Kerr J H 2001) One psychological technique that has been demonstrated to work in this type of case is a form of cognitive behaviour therapy which allows a realisation of the implications of an action to be re-evaluated by the client. (Fowler D et al. 1995) This was combined with a strategy of the setting of â€Å"step-by-step† short term goals. This effectively allowed the client to consider his need to unrealistically compare himself with the elite athletes and to allow him to achieve progressive attainable targets, thereby recognising and capitalising on achievement rather than ruminating on poor past performance comparisons with other (better) athletes. (Pain M et al. 2004). The idea is that by setting and achieving some short term goals, the client can focus on the present, make small progressive steps, and recognise new achievements, instead of ruminating on past performance level. (Hall H K et al. 2001). Complicity by the clinician in agreeing that his symptoms may actually be physical can be completely counterproductive in this type of case (see on) Injury management The object of management of any injury is clearly to maximise the degree of recovery possible and to limit and residual disability that may occur as a result of the injury. In broad terms we can consider the immediate (first aid) treatment and the subsequent longer term management as separate issues. (Hergenroeder A C 2003) In the case of Mr.A’s acute injury the essential elements of treatment (once the diagnosis has been confidently made) should be to prevent further tissue damage and bleeding by immobilisation of the joint (splinting), prompt cooling to reduce the tissue reaction to the injury, analgesia to relieve the pain (but with the caveat that pain relief should not be an indication to stress the joint) and pressure to minimise blood and tissue fluid accumulation. The longer term considerations should be that weight bearing should be kept to a minimum for about 7-10 days. Mobilisation should then begin in a graded fashion over about four to six weeks. Running on flat surfaces could realistically begin (possibly with an ankle support) after that time. Mobilisation (both active and passive) is necessary to ensure that the fibroblastic activity of the ligament repair mechanism does not restrict movement of the joint to the degree that the long term restriction of movement becomes a problem. (Orchard J 2003) Mr.A would be well advised to avoid running on uneven surfaces for a period of many months and to undertake a course of physiotherapy involving modalities such as wobble board training to improve his proprioceptive capabilities. (Lephart S M et al. 1997) Because of the injury, Mr.A should always regard himself as more prone to get a recurrence if he were to have another fall. Mr. B should be treated in a distinctly different way. There is no â€Å"acute† first aid treatment as such, as the critical factor here is to recognise that the injury is the result of overuse of a joint. Rest, or in some cases simply a reduction in the training schedule, is often all that is needed to allow the condition to resolve. (Krivickas L S 1997) There is some evidence to suggest that the use of NSAIAs may help to reduce the inflammatory reaction and thereby increase the speed of recovery but their use must be undertaken with caution because of the propensity of runners to consider that the analgesic properties of the NSAIA group can be equated with evidence of suppression of the pathophysiology of the lesion, and therefore they can start to increase their training schedule thinking that the inflammation has settled because the knee is pain free. (Nickander R et al. 2005) Some clinicians would recommend the use of steroid injections in the paratendon tissues. It has to be noted that this is contentious because of the risk of tendon damage if the steroid is injected into the wrong area. Mr. C requires no immediate physical treatment. Indeed on an intuitive basis, physical treatment could be considered counterproductive as it could be viewed as reinforcing his aberrant adaptive and compensatory mechanisms by colluding in the physical nature of his pathology. By entrenching his position, the clinician could be actually aggravating the problem. Once confidently diagnosed, Mr. C should be promptly referred to a competent sports psychologist for treatment along the lines that we have outlined above. Lecture to club The first serious examination of sports injuries as a specific entity was carried out by William Haddon in 1962 (Haddon W et al. 1962). The growth in interest since then has been exponential. In terms of general observation about sports related injuries we can observe that it is generally accepted that one of the common predictive factors for an injury is a history of previous injury. (Watson A W 2001) ( Lee A J et al. 2001) Various studies have reported increased odds ranging from 1.6 to 9.4. (Chalmers D J 2002). In order to accommodate this information it is clearly important to know the other risk factors involved The practical problem is that in order to assemble a coherent evidence base on this issue it is vital to have well designed and robust trials to consider. In short, there are very few of these. (Parkkari J et al. 2001). A critical analysis of the literature on the subject reveals that there is a surprising paucity of evidence for any significant preventative measure for sports injury. Part of the reason for this is that if there is anecdotal evidence that a procedure reduces the risk of injury then it is likely that a substantial proportion of participants will already be using it. This makes double blind trials almost impossible. Van Mechelen ran a trial of the prophylactic value of warming up and down only to find that over 90% of participants were using the technique already. (van Mechelen et al. 1993) It is clearly of dubious ethical possibility, quite apart from a practical possibility to get a control group of athletes not to warm up just to see if they are more likely to get injured. The management of sports injuries is therefore largely a combination of intuition based on anatomical and physiological principles, guided by experience and validated by what scientific evidence base there is on the subject. The three case studies presented above have all occurred in similar status club runners for completely different reasons. This therefore exemplifies the need to undertake a holistic assessment of each case in order to be in a position to make a confident and accurate diagnosis. One should note that there are occasions when the injury or the pathology is blindingly obvious, but it is more common to have to undertake further investigations in order to firmly establish the diagnosis. Mr.A might require X-Rays to exclude a chip fracture of his lateral malleolus. Mr. B might require some blood tests to exclude a connective tissue disorder and Mr. C may need further assessment in order to be confident that there is no genuine physical pathology. References Apter M J. (2001). Motivational styles in everyday life: a guide to reversal theory.  Washington: American Psychological Association, 2001. Chalmers D J (2002). Injury prevention in sport: not yet part of the game? Inj. Prev., Dec 2002 ; 8 : 22 25. Clemente C D. (19750. Anatomy: A Regional Atlas of the Human Body.  Philadelphia, PA: Lea Febiger; 1975 (Figure 180). Cogan N A, Brown R I F. (1998). Metamotivational dominance, states and injuries in risk and safe sports. Pers Individ Dif 1998 ;10 :789–800. Fowler D, P A Garety, L Kuipers (1995). Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Psychosis: Theory and Practice. London : Wiley 1995 Haddon W, Ellison A E, Carroll R E. (1962). Skiing injuries: epidemiologic study.  Public Health Rep 1962 ; 77 : 973–85. Hall H K, Kerr A W. 92001). Goal-setting in sport and physical education: tracing empirical development and establishing conceptual direction. In: Roberts GC, ed. Advances in motivation in sport and exercise. Campaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2001 : 183–233. Hergenroeder A C (2003) Prevention and treatment of sports injuries. Clin Sports Med 2003 Hewett T E , T N Lindenfeld, J V Riccobene, F R Noyes (1999). The effect of neuromuscular training on the incidence of Knee injuries in Female athletes. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 1999 Kerr J H, Svebak S. (1999). Motivational aspects of preference for and participation in risk and safe sports. Pers Individ Dif 1999 ; 27 : 503–18 Kerr J H. (2001). Counselling athletes: applying reversal theory. London: Routledge, 2001. Krivickas L S (1997) Anatomical factors associated with overuse sports injuries  Sports Med, 1997 Vol 5, no 3 Lee A J, Garraway W M, Arneil D W. (2001). Influence of preseason training, fitness, and existing injury on subsequent rugby injury. Br J Sports Med 2001 ; 35 : 412–17 Lephart S M, D M Pincivero, J L Giraldo, F H Fu (1997) The role of proprioception in the management and rehabilitation of athletic injuries,  American Journal of Sports Medicine, 1997 Vol 3 Pg 55-59 Murgatroyd S, Rushton C, Apter M J. (1978). The development of the telic dominance scale. J Pers Assess 1978 ;42 : 519–28. Nickander R, FG McMahon, AS Ridolfo (2005). Anti-inflammatory agents,  Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology Vol. 19 : 469-490 Orchard J, T M Best (2002) The management of muscle strain injuries: an early return versus the risks of recurrance. Clin J Sport Med, 2002 vol 3 pg 26-30 Pain M and J H Kerr (2004). Extreme risk taker who wants to continue taking part in high risk sports after serious injury. Br. J. Sports Med., Jun 2004 ; 38 : 337 339. Parkkari J, Kujala U M, Kannus P. (2001). Is it possible to prevent sports injuries? Review of controlled clinical trials and recommendations for future work.  Sports Med 2001 ; 31 : 985–95. Patel D R , E F Luckstead (2000). Sport participation, risk taking and health risk behaviours. Adolesc Med, 2000 Vol 312 pg 22-30 Stevenson M R , Peter Hamer, Caroline F Finch, Bruce Elliot, and Marcie-jo Kresnow (2000). Sport, age, and sex specific incidence of sports injuries in Western Australia. Br. J. Sports Med., Jun 2000 ; 34 : 188 194. van Mechelen W, Hlobil H, Kemper H C G, et al. (1993). Prevention of running injuries by warm-up, cool-down, and stretching exercises. Am J Sports Med 1993 ; 21 : 711–19 Watson A W. (2001). Sports injuries related to flexibility, posture, acceleration, clinical defects, and previous injury, in high-level players of contact sports. Int J Sports Med 2001 ; 22 : 222–5 Wigfield A, JS Eccles (2000). Expectancy -value theory of achievement motivation. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 2000 ############################################################## PDG

Violence in Schools Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Education Essays

Violence among youth, especially in schools, is one of American society's most pressing concerns. It is also a source of controversy. While no recent nationwide study of the real extent of youth violence is available, small-scale and regional studies indicate that youth violence is increasing, at least slightly. In addition, youth, like adults, are now more frequently using guns instead of fists to settle disputes. Youth violence had once been thought to be an urban public school problem; a consequence of poverty and family dysfunction, but stable suburban and rural communities are now also experiencing it, as are private schools. While early intervention is absolutely necessary to help prevent violence, I believe all school operations and staff must be directly involved to effectively reduce the crime. There is sometimes a contradiction between school policies and practice. Many districts and schools have comprehensive regulations for dealing with violence, but enforcement may be uneven or lax. This creates a situation where teachers do not feel supported when they impose discipline, students do not feel protected, and the violence- prone think they will not be punished. Conversely, administrators express dismay that teachers do not enforce policies in their classrooms. Despite these inconsistencies, many promising types of anti-violence strategies have been devised by government, communities, and schools. Most have originated in urban areas, where youth violence was first identified. Elementary education training in anger management, impulse control, appreciation of diversity, and mediation and conflict resolution skills can help prevent youth from engaging in violence as they mature. Early discussions about the negative consequences of gang membership, and providing children with positive ways of getting personal needs met, can protect them from future gang recruitment efforts. Educating young children about the use of guns is also valuable, since accidents have happened as a result of children's naivete about their danger. Even more than violence prevention in general, effective anti-gang strategies require establishment of a positive school climate, good communications and security, a staff trained in crisis intervention, and a coordinated effort. They also require that schools not only acknowledge a gang presence, but that they ... ...ruptive students. Since at-risk students respond positively to personal attention, teachers can help youth resist violent impulses and the lure of drugs and gangs by offering them extra help with their schoolwork, referrals, informal counseling, or even just a sympathetic ear. In all communities it is likely that sometimes anti-violence work will be compromised by lack of resources and time, and that even the most dedicated individuals will feel frustrated. Early evaluations of well-organized programs suggest that success is possible, though; and statistics demonstrating an increase in youth violence, however slight, indicate that more effort is necessary. Works Cited: Ascher, Carol. Gaining Control of Violence in the Schools: a View from the Field, New York: ERIC Clearinghouse on Urban Education, 1994. Hill, Marie Somers. Creating Safe Schools: What Principals can do, Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press, 1994. Rubel, Robert J. The Unruly School: Disorders, Disruptions, and Crimes, Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1977. Walker, H. M. Antisocial Behavior in School: Strategies and Best Practices. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Pub. Co., 1995.

Hum/111 to Drill or Not to Drill?

To Drill or Not To Drill? It is obvious that the demand for energy and fuel sources is increasing drastically as time goes by. The United States also anticipates an oil demand increase as the population grows over the next few decades (Haug, 2011). Therefore, the big dilemma is whether or not the search for oil on our land should continue. The recent development and expansion of clean energy resources, although expensive, can end the battle over oil deposits and lead the country into a cleaner future.As I have grown up, I have seen countless news articles and broadcasts about the damage caused by oil drilling accidents, oil spills, and oil transportation leaks. The damage being done to the environment by the search and use of oil paints a vivid and memorable picture in my memory. I live in an area that is vastly populated to the degree that no one can legalize their vehicle unless they first have their emissions tested and approved. Also, throughout my lifetime, there has been talk o f running out of oil, supply and demand, and the cost of gasoline.All of this leads me to believe that clean energy should be the obvious choice. I have a hard time believing that drilling for new sources of oil within our own land is a good idea because water, wind, and solar energy are cleaner to harvest. Although the initial investment is expensive, it is rather cheap to maintain and collect the energy from clean sources. Instead of having to search for oil, it would be simpler to find places to begin harvesting energy from existing rivers, fields, rooftops.I do not want to consider the alternative of drilling in new places because of all of the risks in entails. If I try to look at our fuel situation by how everyone is affected by the change to clean energy, I may be able to overcome my hindrances. I know that drilling is what we know; it is the way we have fueled almost everything for my entire life and before. I can remind myself that every change takes time and in the meantim e, we have to do what we have to do. I can try to change my perception by thinking about the situation from someone else’s perspective.A family that supports itself by means of the oil industry will not have the same perspective or opinion as me. I do not know all of the details to the opposing opinion and there may be details that would make me more comfortable with searching for new US sites to drill. References Haug, M. (2011, Spring). Clean Energy and International Oil. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 27(1), 92-116. Helm, D. (2011, Spring). Peak Oil and Energy Policy — A Critigue. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 27(1), 68-91.

The Return: Nightfall Chapter 11

Bonnie couldn't remember any more sophisticated prayer and so, like a tired child, she was saying an old one: â€Å"†¦I pray the Lord my soul to take†¦.† She had used up all her energy calling for help and had gotten no response at all, just some feedback noise. She was so sleepy now. The pain had gone away and she was simply numb. The only thing bothering her was the cold. But then, that could be taken care of, too. She could just pull a blanket over herself, a thick, downy blanket, and she would warm up. She knew it without knowing how she knew. The only thing that held her back from the blanket was the thought of her mother. Her mother would be sad if she stopped fighting. That was another thing she knew without knowing how she knew. If she could just get a message to her mother, explaining that she had fought as hard as she could, but that with the numbness and the cold, she couldn't keep it up. And that she had known she was dying, but that it hadn't hurt in the end, so there was no reason for Mom to cry. And next time she would learn from her mistakes, she promised†¦next time†¦ Damon's entry was meant to be dramatic, coordinated with a flash of lightning just as his boots hit the car. Simultaneously, he sent out another vicious lash of Power, this time directed at the trees, the puppets who were being controlled by an unseen master. It was so strong that he felt a shocked response from Stefan all the way back at the boardinghouse. And the trees†¦melted backward into the darkness. They'd ripped the top off as if the car had been a giant sardine can, he mused, standing on the hood. Handy for him. Then he turned his attention to the human Bonnie, the one with the curls, who ought by rights to have been embracing his feet by now, and gasping out â€Å"Thank you!† She wasn't. She was lying just as she had been in the embrace of the trees. Annoyed, Damon reached down to grab her hand, when he got a shock of his own. He sensed it before he touched it, smelled it before he felt it smear on his fingers. A hundred little pinpricks, each leaking blood. The evergreen's needles must have done that, taking blood from her or – no, pumping some resinous substance in. Some anesthetic to keep her still as it took whatever was the next step in its consumption of prey – something quite unpleasant, to judge by the manners of the creature so far. An injection of digestive juices seemed most likely. Or perhaps simply something to keep her alive, like antifreeze for a car, he thought, realizing with another nasty shock just how cold she was. Her wrist was like ice. He glanced at the two other humans, the dark-haired girl with the disturbing, logical eyes, and the fair-haired boy who was always trying to pick a fight. He might just have cut this one too fine. It certainly looked bad for the other two. But he was going to save this one. Because it was his whim. Because she had called for his help so piteously. Because those creatures, thosemalach, had tried to make him watch her death, eyes half-focused on it as they took his mind off the present with a glorious daydream.Malach – it was a general word indicating a creature of darkness: a sister or brother of the night. But Damon thought it now as if the word itself were something evil, a sound to be spat or hissed. He had no intention of lettingthem win. He picked Bonnie up as if she were a bit of dandelion fluff and slung her over one shoulder. Then he took off from the car. Flying without changing shape first was a challenge. Damon liked challenges. He decided to take her to the nearest source of warm water, and that was the boardinghouse. He needn't disturb Stefan. There were half a dozen rooms in that warren that was making its genteel decline into the good Virginia mud. Unless Stefan was snoopy, he wouldn't go walking in on other folks' bathrooms. As it turned out, Stefan was not only snoopy butfast . There was almost a collision: Damon and his burden came around a corner to find Stefan driving down the dark road with Elena, floating like Damon, bobbing behind the car as if she were a child's balloon. Their first exchange of words was neither brilliant nor witty. â€Å"What the hell are you doing?† exclaimed Stefan. â€Å"What the hell areyou doing?† Damon said, or began to say, when he noticed the tremendous difference in Stefan – and the tremendous Power that was Elena. While most of his mind simply reeled in shock, a small part of it immediately began to analyze the situation, to figure out how Stefan had gone from a nothing to a – a – Good grief. Oh, well, might as well put a brave face on it. â€Å"I felt a fight,† Stefan said. â€Å"When did you become Peter Pan?† â€Å"You should be glad you weren't in the fight. And I can fly because I have the Power, boy.† This was sheer bravado. In any case, it was perfectly correct, back when they were born, to address a younger relative asragazzo , or â€Å"boy.† It wasn't now. And meanwhile the part of his brain that hadn't simply shut down was still analyzing. He could see, feel, do everything buttouch Stefan's aura. And it was†¦unimaginable. If Damon hadn't been this close, hadn't been experiencing it firsthand, he wouldn't have believed it was possible for one person to have so much Power. But he was looking at the situation with the same ability of cold and logical assessment that told him that his own Power – even after making himself drunk with the variety of women's blood he had taken in the last few days – his Power was nothing to Stefan's right now. And his cold and logical ability was also telling him that Stefan had been pulled out of bed for this, and that he hadn't had time – or hadn't been rational enough – to hide his aura. â€Å"Well, now, look at you,† Damon said with all the sarcasm that he could call up – and that turned out to be quite a lot. â€Å"Is it a halo? Did you get canonized while I wasn't looking? Am I addressing St. Stefan now?† Stefan's telepathic response was unprintable. â€Å"Where are Meredith and Matt?† he added fiercely. â€Å"Or,† continued Damon, exactly as if Stefan hadn't spoken, â€Å"could it be that you merit congratulation for having learned the art of deception at last?† â€Å"And what are you doing with Bonnie?† Stefan demanded, ignoring Damon's comments in turn. â€Å"But you still don't seem to have a grasp of polysyllabic English, so I'll put this as simply as I can. You threw the fight.† â€Å"I threw the fight,† Stefan said flatly, apparently seeing that Damon wasn't going to answer any of his questions until he'd told the truth. â€Å"I just thanked God thatyou seemed to be too mad or drunk to be very observant. I wanted to keep you and the rest of the world from figuring out just exactly what Elena's blood does. So you drove away without even trying to get a good look at her. And without suspecting that I could have shaken you off like a flea from the very beginning.† â€Å"I never thought you had it in you.† Damon was reliving their little combat in all-too-vivid detail. It was true: he had never suspected that Stefan's performance had been entirely that – a performance – and that he could have thrown Damon down at any time and done whatever he'd wanted. â€Å"And there's your benefactress.† Damon nodded up to where Elena was floating, secured by – yes, it was true – secured by clothesline to the clutch. â€Å"Just a little lower than the angels, and crowned with glory and honor,† he remarked, unable to help himself as he gazed up at her. Elena was, in fact, so bright that to look at her with Power channeled to the eyes was like trying to stare straight into the sun. â€Å"She seems to have forgotten how to hide as well; she's shining like a G0 star.† â€Å"She doesn't know how to lie, Damon.† It was clear that Stefan's anger was steadily mounting. â€Å"Now tell me what's going on and what you've done to Bonnie.† The impulse to answer,Nothing. Why, do you think I should? was almost irresistible – almost. But Damon was facing a different Stefan than he'd ever seen before. This is not the little brother you know and love to trample into the ground, the voice of logic told him, and he heeded it. â€Å"The other two huuu-mans,† Damon said, drawing the word out to its full obscene length, â€Å"are in their automobile. And† – suddenly virtuous – â€Å"I was taking Bonnie toyour place.† Stefan was standing by the car, at a perfect distance for examining Bonnie's outflung arm. The pinpricks turned into a smear of blood when he touched them, and Stefan examined his own fingers with horror. He kept repeating the experiment. Soon Damon would be drooling, a highly undignified behavior that he wished to avoid. Instead, he concentrated on a nearby astronomical phenomenon. The full moon, medium high, and white and pure as snow. And Elena floating in front of it, wearing an old-fashioned high-necked nightgown – and little if anything else. As long as he looked at her without the Power needed to discern her aura, he could examine her as a girl rather than as an angel in the midst of blinding incandescence. Damon cocked his head to get a better view of the silhouette. Yes, that was definitely the right apparel for her, and she should always stand in front of brilliant lights. If he – Slam. He was flying backward and to the left. He hit a tree, trying to make sure that Bonnie didn't hit it, too – she might break. Momentarily stunned, he floated – wafted really – down to the ground. Stefan was on top of him. â€Å"You,† said Damon somewhat indistinctly through the blood in his mouth, â€Å"have been a naughty boy, boy.† â€Å"She made me. Literally. I thought she might die if I didn't take some of her blood – her aura was that swollen. Now you tell me what's wrong with Bonnie – â€Å" â€Å"So you bled her despite your heroic unflagging resistance – â€Å" Slam. This new tree smelled of resin. I never particularly wanted to get acquainted with the insides of trees, Damon thought as he spat out a mouthful of blood. Even as a crow I only use them when necessary. Stefan had somehow snatched Bonnie out of the air while Damon was flying toward the tree. He was that fast now. He was very, very fast. Elena was aphenomenon . â€Å"So now you have a secondhand idea what Elena's blood is like.†And Stefan could hear Damon's private thoughts. Normally, Damon was always up for a fight, but right now he could almost hear Elena's weeping over her human friends, and something inside him felt tired. Very old – centuries old – and very tired. But as for the question, well,yes . Elena was still bobbing aimlessly, sometimes spread-eagled and sometimes balled up like a kitten. Her blood was rocket fuel compared to the unleaded gasoline in most girls. And Stefan wanted to fight. Wasn't even trying to hide it. I was right, Damon thought. For vampires, the urge to squabble is stronger than any other urge, even the need to feed or, in Stefan's case, the concern for his – what was the word? Oh, yes.Friends. Now Damon was trying to elude a thrashing, trying to enumerate his assets, which weren't many, because Stefan was still holding him down. Thought. Speech. A penchant for fighting dirty that Stefan just couldn't seem to understand. Logic. An instinctive ability to find the chinks in his foe's armor†¦ Hmmm†¦ â€Å"Meredith and† – damn! What was that boy'sname ? – â€Å"her escort are dead by now, I think,† he said innocently. â€Å"We can stay here and brawl, if that's what you want to call it, considering that I never laid a finger on you – or we can try to resuscitate them. Which will it be, I wonder?† He really did wonder about how much control Stefan had over himself right now. As if Damon had zoomed out abruptly with a camera, Stefan seemed to become smaller. He had been floating a few feet above the ground; now he landed and looked about himself in astonishment, obviously unaware that he had been airborne. Damon spoke in the pause while Stefan was most vulnerable. â€Å"I wasn't the one who hurt them,† he added. â€Å"If you'll look at Bonnie† – thank badness, he knewher name – â€Å"you'll see that no vampire could do it. I think† – he added ingenuously, for shock value – â€Å"that the attackers were trees, controlled by malach.† â€Å"Trees?†Stefan barely took time to glance at Bonnie's pin-pricked arm. Then he said, â€Å"We need to get them indoors and into warm water. You take Elena – â€Å" Oh, gladly. In fact I'd give anything,anything – † – and this car with Bonnie right back to the boardinghouse. Wake Mrs. Flowers. Do all you can for Bonnie. I'll go on ahead and get Meredith and Matt – â€Å" That was it! Matt. Now if only he had a mnemonic – â€Å"They're just up the road, right? That was where your first strafe of Power seemed to come from.† A strafe, was it? Why not be honest and just call it a feeble wash? And while it was fresh in his mind†¦M for Mortal, A for Annoying, T for Thing. And there you had it. The pity was that it applied to all of them and yet not all of them were called MAT. Oh, damn – was there supposed to be another T at the end? Mortal, Annoying, Troublesome Thing? Annoying Terrible Thing? â€Å"I said, is that all right?† Damon returned to the present. â€Å"No, it's not all right. The other car's wrecked. It won't drive.† â€Å"I'll float it behind me.† Stefan wasn't bragging, just making a statement of fact. â€Å"It's not even in one piece.† â€Å"I'll bind the pieces. Come on, Damon. I'm sorry I strafed you; I had a completely wrong idea about what was going on. But Matt and Meredith may really be dying, and even with all my new Power, and all of Elena's, we may not be able to save them. I've raised Bonnie's core temperature a few degrees but I don't dare to stay and bring it up slowly enough.Please , Damon.† He was putting Bonnie in the passenger seat. Well, thatsounded like the old Stefan, but coming from this powerhouse, the new Stefan, it had rather different undertones. Still, as long as Stefanthought he was a mouse, he was a mouse. End of discussion. Earlier Damon had felt like Mount Vesuvius exploding. Now he suddenly felt as if he werestanding near Vesuvius, and the mountain was rumbling. Ye gods! He actually felt seared just being this close to Stefan. He called on all his considerable resources, mentally packing himself in ice, and hoped that at least a breath of coolness underlay his answer. â€Å"I'll go. See you later – hope the humans aren't dead yet.† As they parted, Stefan sent him a powerful message of disapproval – not strafing him with sheer elemental pain, as he had before when throwing Damon against the tree, but making sure that his opinion of his brother was stamped across every word. Damon sent Stefan a last message as he went.I don't understand, he thought innocently toward the disappearing Stefan.What's wrong with saying that I hope the humans are still alive? I've been in greeting card shops, you know – he didn't mention that it wasn't for the cards but for the young cashiers – and they had sections like â€Å"Hope you get well† and â€Å"Sympathy,† which I suppose means that the previous card's spell wasn't strong enough. So what's wrong with saying â€Å"I hope they're not dead†? Stefan didn't even bother to answer. But Damon flashed a quick and brilliant smile anyway, as he turned the Porsche around and set off for the boardinghouse. He tugged on the clothesline that kept Elena bobbing above him. She floated – nightgown billowing – above Bonnie's head – or rather where Bonnie's head should have been. Bonnie had always been small, and this freezing illness had her crumpled into the fetal position. Elena could practically sit on her. â€Å"Hello, princess. Looking gorgeous, as always. And you're not too bad yourself.† It was one of the worst opening lines of his life, he thought dejectedly. But he wasn't feeling quite himself. Stefan's transformation had startled him – that must be what's wrong, he decided. â€Å"Da†¦mon.† Damon started. Elena's voice was slow and hesitant†¦and absolutely beautiful: molasses dripping sweetness, honey falling straight from the comb. It was lower in pitch, he was sure, than it had been before her transformation, and it had become a true Southern drawl. To a vampire it resembled the sweet drip-drip of a newly opened human vein. â€Å"Yes, angel. Have I called you  ¡Ã‚ ®angel' before? If not, it was purely an oversight.† And as he said this, he realized that that was another component to her voice, one he'd missed before: purity. The lancing purity of a seraph of seraphim. That should have put him off, but instead it just reminded him that Elena was someone to take seriously, never lightly. I'd take you seriously or lightly or any way you prefer, Damon thought, if you weren't so stuck on my idiot younger brother. Twin violet suns turned on him: Elena's eyes. She'd heard him. For the first time in his life, Damon was surrounded by people more powerful than he was. And to a vampire, Power was everything: material goods, community position, trophy mate, comfort, sex, cash, candy. It was an odd feeling. Not entirely unpleasant in regards to Elena. He liked strong women. He'd been looking for one strong enough for centuries. But Elena's glance very effectively brought his thoughts back to their situation. He parked askew outside the boardinghouse, snatched up the stiffening Bonnie, and floated up the twisting, narrowing staircase towards Stefan's room. It was the only place heknew there was a bathtub. There was barely room for three inside the tiny bathroom, and Damon was the one carrying Bonnie. He ran water into the ancient, four-footed tub based on what his exquisitely tuned senses said was five degrees above her current icy temperature. He tried to explain to Elena what he was doing, but she seemed to have lost interest and was floating round and round Stefan's bedroom, like a close-up of Tinkerbell caged. She kept bumping the closed window and then zooming over to the open door, looking out. What a dilemma. Ask Elena to undress and bathe Bonnie, and risk her putting Bonnie in the tub wrong side up? Or ask Elena to do the job and watch over them both, but not touch – unless disaster struck? Plus, someone had to find Mrs. Flowers and get hot drinks going. Write a note and send Elena with it? There might be more casualties in here any moment now. Then Damon caught Elena's eye, and all petty and conventional concerns seemed to drop away. Words appeared in his brain without bothering to come through his ears. Help her. Please! He turned back to the bathroom, lay Bonnie on the thick rug there and shelled her like a shrimp. Off with the sweatshirt, off with the summer top that went under it. Off with the small bra – A cup, he noticed sadly, discarding it, trying not to look at Bonnie directly. But he couldn't help but see that the prickling marks the tree had left were everywhere. Off with the jeans, and then a small hitch because he had to sit and take each foot in his lap to get the tightly tied high-top sneakers off before the jeans would come past her ankles. Off with socks. And that was all. Bonnie was left naked except for her own blood and her pink silky underwear. He picked her up and put her in the tub, soaking himself in the process. Vampires associated baths with virgin's blood, but only the really crazy ones tried it. The water in Bonnie's bathtub turned pink when he put her in. He kept the tap running because the tub was so large, and then sat back to consider the situation. The tree had been pumping something into her with its needles. Whatever it was, it wasn't good. So it ought to come out. Most sensible solution was to suck it as if it were a snakebite, but he was hesitant to try that until he was sure Elena wouldn't crush his skull if she found him methodically sucking Bonnie's upper body. He would have to settle for next best. The bloody water didn't quite conceal Bonnie's diminutive form, but it helped to blur the details. Damon supported Bonnie's head against the edge of the tub with one hand, and with the other he began to squeeze and massage the poison out of one arm. He knew he was doing the right thing when he smelled the resinous scent of pine. It was so thick and viscid itself that it hadn't yet disappeared into Bonnie's body. He was getting a small amount of it out this way, but was it enough? Cautiously, watching the door and cranking his senses up to cover their broadest spectrum, Damon lifted Bonnie's hand to his lips as if he were going to kiss it. Instead, he took her wrist in his mouth and, suppressing every urge he had to bite, instead simply sucked. He spat almost immediately. His mouth was full of resin. The massage wasn't enough by far. Even suction, if he could get a couple of dozen vampires and attach them all over Bonnie's little body like leeches, wouldn't be enough. He sat back on his heels and looked at her, this fatally poisoned woman-child he'd as good as given his word to save. For the first time, he became aware that he was soaked to the waist. He gave an irritated glance toward the heavens and then shrugged out of his black bomber jacket. What could he do? Bonnie needed medicine, but he had no idea what specific medicine she needed, and there was no witch he knew of to appeal to. Was Mrs. Flowers acquainted with arcane knowledge? Would she give it to him if she were? Or was she just a batty old lady? What was a generic medicine – for a human? He could give her over to her own people and let them try their bungling sciences – take her to a hospital – but they would be working with a girl who'd been poisoned by the Other Side, by the dark places they would never be allowed to see or understand. Absently, he had been rubbing a towel over his arms and hands and black shirt. Now, he looked at the towel and decided that Bonnie deserved at least a sop to modesty, especially since he could think of no more work to be done on her. He soaked the towel and then spread it out and pushed it underwater to cover Bonnie from throat to feet. It floated in some places, sank in others, but generally did the job. He turned the water temperature up again, but it made no difference. Bonnie was stiffening into the true death, young as she was. His peers in old Italy had had it right, he thought, a female like this was amaiden , no longer girl, not yet woman. It was especially apposite since any vampire could tell that she was a maiden in both senses. And it had all been done under his nose. The lure, the pack-attack, the marvelous technique and synchronization – they had killed this maiden while he sat and watched. He'd applauded it. Slowly, inside, Damon could feel something growing. It had sparked when he thought of the audacity of the malach, hunting his humans right under his nose. It didn't ask the question of when the group in the car had becomehis humans – he supposed it was because they had been so close lately that it seemed they were his to dispose of, to say whether they lived or died, or whether they became what he was. The growing thing surged when he'd thought of the way the malach had manipulated his thoughts, drawing him into a blissful contemplation of death in general terms, while death in very specific terms was going on right at his feet. And now it was reaching incendiary levels because he had been shown up too many times today. It really was unbearable†¦. †¦and it was Bonnie†¦. Bonnie, who had never hurt a – a harmless thing for malice. Bonnie, who was like a kitten, making airy pounces at no prey at all. Bonnie, with her hair that was called something strawberry, but that looked simply as if it was on fire. Bonnie of the translucent skin, with the delicate violet fjords and estuaries of veins all over her throat and inner arms. Bonnie, who had lately taken to looking at him sideways with her large childlike eyes, big and brown, under lashes like stars†¦. His jaws and canines were aching, and his mouth felt as if it were on fire from the poisonous resin. But all that could be ignored, because he was consumed with one other thought. Bonnie had called for his help for nearly half an hour before succumbing to the darkness. That was what needed to be said. Needed to be examined. Bonnie had called for Stefan – who had been too far away and too busy with his angel – but she had called for Damon, too, and she had pleaded for his help. And he had ignored it. With three of Elena's friends at his feet, he had ignored their agonies, had ignored Bonnie's frenzied pleas not to let them die. Usually, this sort of thing would only make him take off for some other town. But somehow he was still here and still tasting the bitter consequences of his act. Damon leaned back with his eyes closed, trying to shut out the overwhelming smell of blood and the musty scent of†¦something. He frowned and looked around. The little room was clean even to its corners. Nothing musty here. But the odor wouldn't go away. And then he remembered.

Response Paper 3

Response Paper 3 Response Paper 3 Response to Jospeh Reidy’s â€Å"Black Men in Navy Blue During the Civil War† The American Civil War era is well known to be the catalyst for major changes in the country. It resulted in the union of the previously opposing Northern and Southern states, the solidification of the importance of the armed forces, and the abolishment of slavery as a legalized institution. Reidy’s article places its focus on the last, and what is considered to be one of the most important, results of the Civil War. He makes the argument that change was not a sudden shift that occurred when Abraham Lincoln declared the Emancipation Proclamation, and that the case of the United States Navy was one that deserved to be more closely investigated. When a typical American is asked about the status of black military men on the side of the Union, the typical response tends to be that the group was generally a small minority, used for the lowest jobs, and were generally slaves that escaped from the Confederate states in a bid for freedom. While these ideas are based on reality, Reidy shows that the role and presence of black men in various Naval units differed from the Military units in dramatic ways. Firstly, the Navy was racially integrated, combining men of all different races upon single boats. Regarding the issue of the proportion of black men to white men, Reidy turns up some interesting facts. He finds that by the end of the war in 1864, a good twenty percent of the Navy was made up of black men, in

A Complete Guide to 2019 Interview Questions

A Complete Guide to 2019 Interview Questions The hardest part of preparing for an interview is the unknown factor. Although you can make assumptions about what you’ll be asked, you never know for sure until you’re there on the hot seat. Sure, you’ll be asked about your jobs, your skills, and your experience- but there are lots of different ways any given interviewer can go. While it is impossible to predict with 100% accuracy what might be thrown your way, you can do your best to prepare for the different scenarios you might see on interview day. The most asked interview questionLet’s start with THE interview question. The alpha. Without a doubt, the most  asked  interview question in existence is â€Å"Tell me about yourself.† It’s an easy ice-breaker, and it lets the interviewer start to get a sense of what you’re like as a candidate.Here’s how you can answer it:Tell Me About YourselfYour Elevator PitchThis  will most likely be the first question you’re aske d in any job interview, so it’s absolutely imperative you have your response ready to go.Interview questions measuring personalityUnlike the classic â€Å"Tell me about yourself,† questions measuring personality are a lot more uncommon, subtle, and complex. These are generally questions the employer has tailored to measure your personality and how  it would translate to the responsibilities of  their open position.Here are some examples:Ethical Interview QuestionsBehavioral Interview QuestionsHypothetical Interview QuestionsBrainteaser Interview QuestionsSituational Interview QuestionsProblem Solving QuestionsThese questions can be tricky because it’s not often clear what kind of answer the employer wants to hear. A person hiring someone for an accounting position may consider someone with an introverted personality a better fit for the job than someone who parties it up every Saturday, and vice versa.Interview questions you’re not expectingIt’ s less likely that you’ll be asked any of these interview questions, but as you can never be sure of anything in the interview game.  It’s always a good idea to prepare:Interview Questions You’re Not ExpectingRemember, these questions exist, which means they were all asked at one point or another. Don’t be the interviewee  that gets caught like a deer in headlights when faced with a  Ã¢â‚¬Å"gotcha† question.Here are some additional questions that you might not be expecting:â€Å"How would you fire someone?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"What’s your idea of the perfect day?â€Å"â€Å"You’re driving down a dark road, during a wild storm. You drive past a bench†¦.â€Å"The â€Å"biggest challenge† interview questionIf the interviewer does ask you a question like, â€Å"What’s the most difficult part of being a [current job title]?† or â€Å"What was the toughest part of your last job?† here are ways you can frame your struggles  to make yourself look awesome:The Biggest Challenge Interview QuestionsQuestions relating to salaryThe job application process has a number of separate stages: applying, interviewing, job offer, then salary negotiation and acceptance. Most employers stick to this, and let the money talk wait until things are further along. But if they jump the gun and ask you up front for a) your current salary or b) desired salary, what do you do?Interview Questions Relating to SalaryInterview Questions About Your Current SalaryQuestions about salary are important to keep in mind. More and more states are passing legislation about what potential employers can and can’t ask you about your salary history, so make sure you know what your state’s current policies are, before you hand over that information to an interviewer.Illegal interview questionsOut of ignorance or slyness, an interviewer might try to get information out of you that the company is not allowed to fac tor into their hiring decisions. However, you’re not obligated to answer them- and in fact you shouldn’t.  Your battle plan should be to figure out why they’re asking (whether it has direct consequences for the job itself), and to decide whether you should answer.Illegal Interview Questions11 Unethical Interview Questions You Don’t Need to AnswerRed Flag QuestionsSome of the hardest questions you’ll encounter might be illegal, so it’s important to know what the danger zone questions are, and why you don’t need to answer them. And if there’s an out-of-bounds question being asked, don’t panic. Just say you don’t feel comfortable answering it, and deftly steer the topic to something else you’d like to share about yourself.The hardest types of questionsWhen you’re in the hot seat, all questions thrown your way seem tough. Some, though, are harder than others, like the ones below. Remember: your intervi ewer not only wants to get a good sense of what you will answer, but also how you handle the pressure. Stay cool and take a breath, even when you’re struggling to come up with an answer. Study these questions and prep yourself for whatever might come your way.Tough Interview Questions That Are Very CommonThe Hardest Interview Questions of 2016The 10 Toughest Interview QuestionsHow to Answer the Toughest Interview Questions9 Super-Tricky Job Interview Questions and How to Answer ThemWild card questionsAnd finally, here are some additional questions that did not fall into any particular category, but are very important to prep for:â€Å"Can I contact your current employer?â€Å"â€Å"Why have you had so many jobs?â€Å"â€Å"Aren’t you overqualified for this position?â€Å"â€Å"Why Should I Hire You?â€Å"What you should ask themAnd just when you think you’re done prepping for every possible question you can get in an interview, there’s still more work to be done: you need to prep the questions you’re going to ask too. You should always, always have questions for your interviewer.4 Questions to Ask at the End of an InterviewAsk These 10 Interview Questions to Impress Your Hiring ManagerThe Most Important Question You Need to Ask in an InterviewNow that you’re prepared for what you’ll need to say and ask on interview day, don’t forget to dust off your lucky interview outfit and brush up on that body language as well. Good luck, and happy interviewing!

10 Famous American Authors and Their Best Essays †Pro-Academic-Writers.com

10 Famous American Authors and Their Best Essays What comes to your mind when you try to recall famous American writers? The country has introduced several unique genres and interesting topics to the world, stressing the important role of revolution in the history of every nation. We have developed the list of 10 famous American authors, including their famous essays and lessons learned from their writing. GET YOUR PERFECT ESSAY NOW Writing is not a piece of cake. If you have troubles with your school or college homework, do not hesitate to contact professional academic writers online! How to Create Powerful Essays: 10 Famous American Writers List! Charles D’Ambrosio Charles D’ambrosio does not specialize in novels or fiction/non-fiction books; he always positioned himself as a short story essay writer. It was his Portland State University's MFA Program in Creative Writing,  which helped one of the famous American writers develop his essential reading writing skills. Oberlin College was his second place of education. D’Ambrosio never gives up studying English Language, Philosophy (discover how a Philosophy degree may be helpful), History, Literature, and other related humanitarian disciplines. If you want to become popular one day to see your essays published in The New Yorker, Orphans, The Stranger, or A Public Space, observe the works written by Charles D’Ambrosio to absorb valuable lessons. We would recommend starting from â€Å"Documents† and â€Å"Loitering† essays. Lessons learned: Loss and hardships are worth writing about. When you focus on things that make people sad (hate, injustice, depression, war, death), the readers would appreciate your short story/essay for stressing the value of life. Point to the importance of past events in the life of every human. Do not hesitate to share your personal notes, essays, and documents (in this context, documents mean diaries and other important outtakes, which reveals the nature of their owners. Do you need more hints? Ask these expert writers from the field of academic, creative, business writing to help by creating an inspiring literary piece! Benjamin Franklin Every second American President was a great artist. In most cases, the representatives of the US government dedicate their free time to sharing American values, customs, traditions through writing manuals. Franklin is not an exception. One of the most famous American authors is a known historical figure – a Co-Founding Father of the United States depicted on $100 banknote. His activities cover a broad range of different fields, including literature, publishing, politics, science, inventions, civic activity, diplomacy, etc. Benjamin Franklin belongs to the category of the famous American writers with democratic views. He did not release many novels or books; Franklin has established a lot of short stories and essays dedicated to the free, independent land. Since 1776, the moods of the American authors changed to more optimistic and confident. The main purpose of Franklin in his essays was to utilize economic benefits and flee oppressive governmental regimes. Do you need the most distinguished works of Franklin? They contain â€Å"Advice on the Choice of a Mistress†,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Art of Procuring Pleasant Dreams,† and â€Å"The Temple of Learning,  The Whistle.† Lessons learned: Democratic sensibility remains a popular thing to discuss. The American nation is an exceptional ethnic group made of every nationality in the world, all possible customs traditions, and based on the equality, justice, and freedom. The Constitution of the United States is a powerful weapon to discuss. The topic of the changing generations will never lose its relevance. Cynthia Ozick After his death, another representative of the most famous American writers living today, David Foster Wallace, was disqualified because he committed suicide and his latest works were full of pessimistic notes. He has listed local authors who could continue his activity. Wallace mentioned Cynthia Ozick among the most budding and promising contemporary writers, capable of continuing his contribution to the literature world. Along with Cormac McCarthy Don DeLillo, the woman is the US best living fiction story author. By today, Cynthia Ozick has published seven essay collections. She created several works of short fiction and inspiring novels. She does not have a certain field of interest. Ozick likes talking about love, hate, life, death, the American nation, future, and other things preferred by the modern famous American writers, but she covers different topics, without limiting her interests. There is one subject we can frequently notice in her stories. Ozick loves the idea of the Jewish American lens. The best essays of all time include her â€Å"Portrait of the  Essay as a Warm Body,† â€Å"The Shawl,† and Envy† on the list, and students can learn the following lessons: The tendency to favor the Jewish American lens instead of attacking it. Creating a short story with the next characteristics: self-consciousness, sharpness, wittiness, clarity, and life wisdom. Don’t be afraid to seem smarter than people around! If you need more examples of great essays to study, the best place to visit is the online writing service, which offers FREE paper samples. Roger Ebert Another interesting man from the list of the famous American authors. Roger Ebert has an ability to criticize other written works and movies fairly brought his world recognition. Ebert specialized on movie directing, cinematography, history of the world and US in particular, journalism, and screenwriting. He worked in Chicago Sun-Times until 2013. Roger Ebert became the first film critic to win the Pulitzer Prize for Criticism. If you have a passion for writing argumentative, persuasive, or critical essays/book reviews, you should find and read the best critical works of Roger Ebert. Watch the popular TV show â€Å"Sneak Previews†. Roger Ebert is different from many contemporary American fellow-writers who focus on the dark sides of our world, often praising the depressive moods. Ebert prefers courage, erudition, humor, and humanism. This enthusiastic writer is capable of reflecting the matter of life death in the most optimistic light. To understand the writer better, read three critical essay collections. The names are â€Å"The Great Movies†Ã‚  (2002),  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Great Movies II†Ã‚  (2005), and  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Great Movies III†Ã‚  (2010); pay attention to his most popular work titled â€Å"Go Gentle into That Good Night.† Lessons learned: Never give up; there is always a way out! Ebert’s works full of life optimism can be described in a known phrase said by John Keating in â€Å"Dead Poets Society:† â€Å"Carpe, carpe diem, seize the day boys, make your lives extraordinary.† It is important to write more critical essays to become interesting to people. Watch more movie to have several inspiring ideas to discuss in your literary works. Try to cover the never-ending topic of death from the different perspective. Never stop praising this life by pointing to its main values! Zadie Smith Hey, how about including a female essay writer from the United Kingdom on our promising list of the contemporary short story novel authors? We believe the woman who appears in the list of 20 most influential people in British culture deserves to appear on our list of famous writers, even though she is not American. British culture had affected the United States for centuries. Her primary achievement, which predetermined Smith’s further faith as an author, was the degree from the New York University’s Creative Writing Program. She became the professor of the University. In the United States, the novel written by Zadie Smith, â€Å"White Teeth,† joined the Time magazine’s list of the 100 best English-language novels created since 1923. Smith is a brave author. She may condemn things like disrespect of literature, treatment of art in the modern world, and criticize authors who do not fulfill their literary obligations. This extraordinary female author prefers writing novels. Her most famous essay is â€Å"Fail Better,† full of the following lessons: Never generalize things with the help of â€Å"all† or similar words – narrow down, take a part of the topic to make up a specific subject. There is no such thing as a perfect novel. A writing style is the result of the unique personality of each writer + the way this person views and understands the world. Avoid clichà © – breathe a new life into your writing! HELP WITH MY WRITING F. Scott Fitzgerald â€Å"And so with the sunshine and the great bursts of leaves growing on the trees, just as things grow in fast movies, I had that familiar conviction that life was beginning over again with the summer.† F. Scott Fitzgerald, â€Å"The Great Gatsby† Who else but The Great Gatsby, a good old fellow who tried to show the world the importance of love, life, and family values, and who was rejected for being too humanistic? Fitzgerald knew how important love is from his personal experience. â€Å"The Great Gatsby† appeared in the result of the feelings one of the most famous American writers shared with the love of his life, Zelda. Fitzgerald blamed the American people for underestimating the beauty of this life. He tried to recall the significant values in his novels, short stories essays. In Hollywood, Fitzgerald did his best. He developed scenarios scripts for the future films. His popular â€Å"Gatsby† has been filmed several times, having the brilliant modern version starring Leo DiCaprio as the last successful attempt to interpret the way Fitzgerald viewed our world. Not all of his works were good; â€Å"Tender Is the Night† did not obtain wide recognition. The author became overwhelmed and depressed during the last years of life. The most known list of his essays includes "The Diamond as Big as the Ritz," "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button," and "The Camel's Back." Lessons Learned: Love is the only thing, which matters in the life of each person. American society is full of snobs who underestimate the role of love, undervalue the significance of friendship, and do not appreciate this life the way they should. Money has no value when you are lonely. Edward Hoagland Another man who wrote several famous essays is Edward Hoagland. He was born in 1932; this enthusiastic young man from New York revealed his passion for reading writing since the early age. He stated he would like to become a world’s known novelist to his parents. The two preferred genres were a novel and a short story; the two favorite topics he discussed were traveling nature. Hoagland did not want to cover dirty, filthy topics, so he decided to focus on describing the beauty of nature instead of discussing the way society changes and its never-ending conflicts. The list of top famous essays written by Edward Hoagland includes â€Å"The Big Cats,† â€Å"The Soul of the Tiger,† â€Å"Why This Extra Violence,† and â€Å"A World Worth Saving and Christmas Observed.† Lessons learned: Focus on depicting the beauty of nature. If you write about the human qualities, develop one short story dedicated to two strongest feelings that make us humans – love friendship. The world is full of violence; avoid going deep into this topic to give people hope. Ernest Hemingway The list of the most famous American authors of all time has a name of Ernest Hemingway no matter which genre of literature is discussed. Teachers do not find his works suitable for the school/college program. Spend some time on reading his top works to learn valuable life writing lessons from this distinguished man with the rich history. He was curious about studying the way people behave under pressure, the way their moods change. Children will misunderstand the words of the author. It is better to start reading his literary works at the teen or grown-up age to understand Hemingway’s main ideas. Hemingway did not focus on the complicated, strange topics. He wrote about the things men love (e.g., bullfighting, fishing, hunting, and friendship). Papa Hemingway’s list of famous essays is made of the following titles: â€Å"The Old Man and the Sea,† â€Å"The Sun Also Rises,† and â€Å"For Whom the Bell Tolls.† Lessons learned: Symbolism is the best way to interpret your philosophical thoughts. Try establishing such features as the lean writing style, original sense of humor, and try showing the life based on your personal experience. Avoid literary allusions. Virginia Woolf A little is known about this mysterious female writer. She is another female author on the list coming from the United Kingdom. Woolf is the foremost modernist of the XX century + a pioneer in the stream of consciousness (a narrative tool). The girl visited the King’s College London and became the early reformer of women’s higher education. The top short stories created by this known female essayist involve â€Å"Death of the Moth,† â€Å"Eclipse of the Heart,† and â€Å"Devil in False Colors.† You may have watched a film â€Å"Hours† based on Woolf’s story. Her essays teach several lessons. Write how important the life is through the lens of survival evanescence. Apply simple comparisons to make the writing style lucid. Do not hesitate to change from the optimistic voice to melancholic moods in the middle of your essay; the life is black-and-white, and it makes no sense sharing only positive/negative moments. Edgar Allan Poe Who loves detective stories? During the romantic period in the US history literature, a world’s known Edgar Allan Poe appeared with his mystic stories. The man was a writer, editor, and literary critic in one face. Poe is listed among the cofounders developers of the short story essay genres, providing innovative ideas such as making stories gloomy, dark, and mysterious. He developed many popular detective/science fiction works. Poe focused on the things like spirit, organic development, the significance of art, and motivation/inspiration. Start reading his â€Å"Philosophy of Furniture,† â€Å"The Raven,† or â€Å"The Black Cat† to be acquainted with his works. Lessons learned: There is nothing scary about being gloomy in your writing. People like reading about things they find dark and mysterious; it makes them value life more and start believing in the things they can’t see with the naked eye. How to Become the Author of World’s Famous Essays? We hope this list of the best American authors, their top preferred literary works, and the lessons shared between the lines of their stories would help with your writing career. Do you have any questions? If you need a professional writing help, the best thing you can do is to place an order with the time-tested and trusted US/UK academic service, which offers affordable prices!